The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle recorded that the Domesday Book of 1086 covered the whole of England, meaning the English kingdom, but a few years later the Chronicle stated that King Malcolm III went "out of Scotlande into Lothian in Englaland", thus using it in the more ancient sense. The term was then used in a different sense to the modern one, meaning "the land inhabited by the English", and it included English people in what is now south-east Scotland but was then part of the English kingdom of Northumbria. The earliest recorded use of the term, as "Engla londe", is in the late-ninth-century translation into Old English of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People. The Angles came from the Anglia peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area (present-day German state of Schleswig–Holstein) of the Baltic Sea. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages. The name "England" is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means "land of the Angles".
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In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland (through another Act of Union) to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The Kingdom of England – which after 1535 included Wales – ceased being a separate sovereign state on, when the Acts of Union put into effect the terms agreed in the Treaty of Union the previous year, resulting in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. England's population of 56.3 million comprises 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, largely concentrated around London, the South East, and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East, and Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century. The capital is London, which has the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom. However, there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north (for example, the Lake District and Pennines) and in the west (for example, Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills).
Įngland's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law-the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world-developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. England became a unified state in the 10th century and has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century. The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Paleolithic period, but takes its name from the Angles, a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula, who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain, which lies in the North Atlantic, and includes over 100 smaller islands, such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
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